How to select a centrifugal pump Examples of total head calculations - sizing a pump for a home owner application 14. Motor Displacement = 3.75 cubic inches per revolution, Motor Displacement x Motor RPM ÷ 231 = 3.75 x 1500 ÷ 231 = 24.35 gpm. McGraw Hill., New York, p. 516, 2003. In the equation, fD is the Darcy friction factor, L is the pipe length in feet, I.D. Sheet 2 provides a quick method to calculate the vapor pressure of a fluid using the Antoine equation. Use the pump composite curves to select an appropriate pump for the viscosity-corrected TDH and pumping capacity.
In Equation (10), assume that the water capacity is at the best efficiency point.
In a positive-displacement (PD) pump, a discrete amount of fluid is trapped, forced through the pump, and discharged. Since the majority of the pumps used in the chemical process industries (CPI) are centrifugal pumps, this article focuses on that equipment category, rather than the other general classes of pumps, such as rotary and positive displacement pumps. The two red dots in Figure 3 are not defined. The red dashed line corresponds to Example 2 on p. 40. Pump Sizing does the hydraulic calculation for a centrifugal pump and estimates differential head, hydraulic power, motor power, NPSH available.
NPSH of pump – suction lift. Figure 3. As Figure 3 makes clear, 3,500 rpm is associated with 60Hz electricity and 2,850 rpm is associated with 50 Hz electricity.
The following components are needed to calculate total dynamic head: suction and discharge elevation; fluid velocity; friction loss and dynamic head; and tank pressure.
The equation for the Reynolds number of a circular pipe appears in Equation 3. • A spiral housing is used as guiding device for the GEA Tuchenhagen®-VARIFLOW series . 8.
where, PVapor is vapor pressure of liquid at suction vessel temperature. h = head (meter) p = pressure (bara) SG = specific gravity.
where, h1 is height of liquid above pump suction, SG is specific gravity of liquid, Ï is liquid density (kg/m³) and g is gravitational constant (9.81).
The intersection of the pump manufacturer's curve with system curve defines the operating point of the pump. Then estimate the lifetime of the pump, how often it needs to be repaired or replaced, and the associated costs. The green curve is for a pump efficiency of 64% and the red curve is for 30 BHP. (231 x GPM) ÷ (60 x Net Cylinder Area) = (231 x 15) ÷ (60 x 28.26) = 2.04 inches per second, (231 x GPM) ÷ (60 x Net Cylinder Area) = (231 x 15) ÷ (60 x 21.19) = 2.73 inches per second, Cylinder Area x Stroke Length in Inches ÷ 231 x 60 ÷ Time in seconds for one stroke.
It is prepared by calculating differential head as specified above at different flow.
Figure 3 has multiple shaded sections, with each corresponding to a different-sized pump. Inside Sheet 3 are useful tables for summing the typical resistance coefficients for the valve, fitting, contractions and enlargements, and so on, and determining the relative roughness of the piping. 0.605 ft/s) too less….?? He also worked as a co-op student for the United States Gypsum Corp. as a project engineer in the paper division.
Fluid Motor Torque from Horsepower and RPM: Example: How much torque is developed by a motor at 12 horsepower and 1750 rpm?
Our high levels product quality,quick response, 24/7 service will satisfy all of our clients. In addition, we would like to thank the Hydraulic Institute (Parsippany, N.J.) for the use of their friction factor correlations in our Excel Spreadsheet. The following is a pump sizing problem to illustrate the calculations in this article. Pump is a most common equipment used in a chemical plant to transfer fluid from one location to another. 7. These pump composite curves show the options for Examples 1 and 2. Since the hydraulic horsepower requirement is a function of only the flow, head, and specific gravity it and the εp (pump efficiency) can be calculated from the information given. Figure 2.
His research awards include recognition at the 2016 AIChE international conference for gradient foaming of polymers in supercritical carbon dioxide. Figure below is the first example of piping arrangement to calculate NPSH of pump for suction lift.
Fluid Pressure in PSI Required to Lift Load (in PSI): Example: What pressure is needed to develop 50,000 pounds of push force from a 6″ diameter cylinder? Copyright © 2015-2020. To find the BHP for a viscous liquid (BHPvis), use Equation (9), after calculating the break horsepower for the equivalent water values (BHPw, TDHwater and Qwater) and efficiency (ξ p,w) from the pump curve using Equation (12).
Example: How many GPM come out the blind end of a 6″ diameter cylinder with a 3″ diameter rod when there is 15 gallons per minute put in the rod end?
Pump is a most common equipment used in a chemical plant to transfer fluid from one location to another.
All pumps can be broadly classified with a “dimensional” number, as shown in Equation (16). We also implement the same heuristic within the Excel spreadsheet. Washington, DC: Office of Industrial Technologies, Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, U.S. Dept. A 1/2″ diameter hose has an internal diameter of 0.50 inches, regardless of the hose pressure rating. This article shows how to do pump sizing calculation to determine differential head required to be generated by pump based on suction and discharge conditions. Pump curve and system curve can be fitted into a second order polynomial.
Shown here is a viscosity correction chart. In 2015, he received Virginia Professor of the Year award from the highly selective U.S. Professors of the Year program, sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching and the Council for Advancement and Support of Education. A response from the authors to the comments below can be found in the addendum to the article – link is included at the end of the article. The velocity is 12.84 ft/s, Reynolds number is 1,601, and the Darcy friction factor is 0.119. It is not likely that both options
Sheet 1 consists of user inputs and the main outputs of the Excel program (Figure 6). – Medium pressure supply lines should be sized so the fluid velocity is between 15 and 20 feet per second. ÎPEquipment is pressure drop in an equipment at pump suction like strainers, filters etc. Using a fluid with a higher or lower viscosity compared to water changes the dynamics of the centrifugal pump. Viscosity correction is often overlooked in pump sizing by new engineers. This results in a higher lifecycle cost (see Example 1, below).
The first term in Equation (1) represents the frictional losses from the fluid flowing through a straight piece of pipe. Target hydraulics assumes no liability for errors in data nor in safe and/or satisfactory operation of equipment designed from this information. a) The numerator is a volume; the denominator is a volumetric flow.
GPM x PSI x .0007 = 5 x 1500 x .0007 = 5.25 horsepower. The Excel file is broken up into several sheets to allow the user to tackle the sizing of their pump in a series of logical steps. For more information about Flowserve, please visit www.flowserve.com.
In the equation, Re is the Reynolds number and ε/ D is the dimensionless ratio of surface roughness to pipe inner diameter. At first glance, it is tempting to choose Option 1, since the initial investment is significantly lower.
Pstatic is pressure due to height of liquid level above pump suction.
Peters, Max., Klaus, Timmerhaus, and West, Ronald, “Plant Design and Economics for Chemical Engineers,” 5th ed.
ÎPPipe is pressure drop in a pipe due to single phase fluid flow. 43–47, February 2013.
GPM x PSI x 36.7 ÷ RPM = 10 x 1,500 x 36.7 ÷ 1200 = 458.75 inch pounds second. Pump Displacement Needed for GPM of Output Flow: Example: What displacement is needed to produce 5 gpm at 1500 rpm? Total Dynamic Head of Pumps Calculation. Pressure at pump suction is calculated as following.
–Hydraulic Piston Pump.jpg .
The pump is a centrifugal pump that will need to pump 800 gal/min when in normal operation. Kelly, J. Howard; Understand the Fundamentals of Centrifugal, Chemical Engineering Progress, pp.
A gear pump is an example of a PD pump (Figure 2). NPSH varies with impeller speed and flowrate. For more information about Griswold Pumps, please visit www.griswoldpump.com.
3” and even 4” lines seem a bit small for the required 800 gpm flowrate. Note from the Editors: The authors reported a problem with their website for a period of time, so while the links in the article were correct, the website was not available.
Notice on the pump composite curve, the 4 × 3 – 10 section is very close to the 4 × 3-8G. Joseph “Joey” Sarver is currently pursuing a M.S. The concept of a pumping system is rather simple. intent was GPM. Over the past 30 years, Liu has taught hands-on training courses on energy and water savings, computer-aided design and advanced process control to over 7,000 practicing engineers in the U.S., China and Taiwan. Pump Sizing and Selection. To calculate the frictional head losses, in feet of liquid being pumped, on the suction (hs,f) and discharge (hd,f) side of the pump, Equation (1) can be used. 6.
As such the full conversion could either be from GPH to CFM or GPM to CFS.
For example, if the point is close to the boundary, engineers would need to move vertically up on the composite curve and choose a pump with a larger impeller size (4 × 3 – 10 versus 4 × 3 – 8G). Then, input the correction factors from the viscosity correction chart into the appropriate cell in Sheet 4. Assume BHP is 32 and 16 horsepower for the 3,500-rpm and 2,850-rpm pumps, respectively, for all pump choices in the composite curve.
Figure 1 illustrates a simplified pumping system. Remember that the larger pipe diameter is always the suction side. Target Hydraulics All rights reserved. ÎPEquipment is pressure drop in equipment at pump discharge like heat exchangers, control valve, flowmeter, valves etc. The specific speed is a useful index to help get a general idea of the type of pump to be chosen. Figure 3 shows a pump composite curve from Griswold Pump Co. (Grand Terrace, Calif.; www.psgdover.com/griswold). * Considering the velocity concern, the frictional component of the head calculation is likely subject to revision, and the TDH is accepted only for purposes of discussion. Calculate the pump discharge pressure from the pump total head 1. 2.
Consult Example 1 to see how to do this analysis. As a student at Virginia Tech, Finkenauer conducted undergraduate research in processing thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers under Donald Baird.
In order to select a pump from standard performance curves, it is necessary to apply correction factors to determine the equivalent pumping rate and total dynamic head for water before reading the pump curves. If the cylinder has a 3″ diameter rod, how many gpm is needed to retract 8 inches in 10 seconds? This individual pump performance illustrates Example 2, p. 40. To calculate pressure in meter, use this equation: h (ft) = 10.197 p/SG.
Referring to Figure 2, start by drawing a straight line from the calculated total dynamic head (A) to the flowrate (B).
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